What is Karma in Jainism? Types, Effects & Liberation
In Jainism, Karma is not just a law of cause and effect; it is subtle physical matter (Pudgala) that floats in the universe and sticks to the soul due to our passions (Kashayas) like anger, pride, and greed.
The 8 Main Types of Karma
Jain philosophy classifies Karma into two major groups: Ghatiya (Destructive) and Aghatiya (Non-destructive) Karmas.
Ghatiya Karmas (Affecting the Soul's Qualities)
- Jnanavaraniya: Obscures perfect knowledge.
- Darshanavaraniya: Obscures perfect perception.
- Mohaniya: Causes delusion and attachment (the most dangerous).
- Antaraya: Creates obstacles in doing good deeds.
Aghatiya Karmas (Affecting the Body and Surroundings)
- Vedaniya: Causes feelings of pleasure or pain.
- Nama: Determines the body and physical traits.
- Gotra: Determines social status and family.
- Ayu: Determines the lifespan.
How to Shed Karma?
The process of stopping new Karma from entering is called Samvara, and the process of burning away existing Karma through penance and meditation is called Nirjara. When all Ghatiya and Aghatiya Karmas are shed, the soul attains Moksha.
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Is all Karma bad?
In Jainism, even 'good' Karma (Punya) is a form of bondage that keeps you in the cycle of birth and death. The ultimate goal is to shed all Karma, both good and bad.
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